№2, 2024
Current state of flora and vegetatıon of the lowlands of Karabakh
Summary
The article presents information about the current state of flora and vegetation, natural ecosystems of the lowland territories of Karabakh, which have been occupied for a long time and have not previously been studied as a special object of research. During the expeditions it was established that the flora of the region includes 247 species of higher spore, gymnosperm and angiosperm plants, united in 47 families and 165 genera. The main part of the flora of the territory is made up of perennial herbs with 114 (46.15%). In terms of species richness, biennial herbs occupy the second place with 88 species (35.62%), and annual herbs the third place with 9 species (3.64%). The flora of the studied lowland areas of Karabakh is dominated by Pоаcеае Bаrnhаrt with 53 genera, 101 species (40.9%), Amaranthaceae Juss. - 12 genera, 23 species (9.3%), Asteraceae Giseke - 15 genera, 21 species (8.5%), Fabaceae Juss. - 7 genera, 10 species (4.0%) and etc. They also play an important role in the formation of natural phytocenoses and increasing their productivity. As a sign of adaptation to unfavorable droughts, salinization, wind blowing and other similar destructive factors in modern desert cenoses, this has led to the formation of local biotypes of xerophytic plants. The vegetation type of tugai forests is represented by two formation classes: tugai forests and xerophytic sparse forests. Of the 140 herbarium specimens collected in the region, 111 species of medicinal (used in folk and veterinary medicine), forage, food plants belonging to 44 families and 94 genera were identified. The current state and species composition of phytocenoses, as well as the habitats of some species, were determined.